Supreme Court Sets Date for Tibble Arguments

An updated docket sheet on the U.S. Supreme Court website shows Tibble v. Edison will be argued on February 25, 2015.

The case is considered by industry observers to be the first “excessive fee” litigation to reach the country’s top court. In a 2014 interview with PLANADVISER, the plaintiffs’ attorney in the case said Tibble v. Edison is tremendously important for the future of the retirement planning industry.

“The question before the Supreme Court is whether plan sponsors can get permanent immunity on an imprudent investment decision, for all time, based on the limitations period [in ERISA],” says Jerry Schlichter, of the law firm Schlichter Bogard and Denton, who will argue for plaintiffs in the class action. “The lower courts have decided that, even if a plan has been shown to include a fund that is known to be imprudent, as is the case here, it can be protected from liability by the ERISA six-year limitations period. That’s the question the court has to decide whether to overturn—whether it’s appropriate to give sponsors permanent immunity from liability once the investment that is being challenged has been on the plan menu for six years.”

According to the Supreme Court’s website, justices will limit their review of Tibble to the following question: “Whether a claim that ERISA [Employee Retirement Income Security Act] plan fiduciaries breached their duty of prudence by offering higher-cost retail-class mutual funds to plan participants, even though identical lower-cost institution-class mutual funds were available, is barred by 29 U. S. C. §1113(1) when fiduciaries initially chose the higher-cost mutual funds as plan investments more than six years before the claim was filed.”

As part of that question, the Supreme Court must also decide if the so-called “Firestone deference” (as established in the high court’s 1989 decision in Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. v. Bruch) applies to fiduciary breach actions under 29 U.S.C. §1132(a)(2), where the fiduciary allegedly violated the terms of the governing plan document in a manner that favors the financial interests of the plan sponsor at the expense of plan participants.

During a recent conference call, one ERISA specialist said the real issue at hand in Tibble v. Edison has less to do with the strength or weakness of the ERISA limitations period than many in industry and media have suggested. As Fred Reish, an attorney with Drink Biddle & Reath and leader of the firm’s ERISA practice, explains, “the true issue before the Supreme Court is whether there is a discreet and ongoing duty to monitor investments that is distinct from the initial duty to select.” 

“The trial court and the 9th Circuit, consistent with other appeals courts, ruled that once the six-year window has gone by from when an investment was selected, there is no continuing duty to monitor,” Reish explains. “As the decision stands, the duty to monitor doesn’t start that limitation period again each year, it doesn’t keep rolling that way. So once six years go by from the initial fund selection, the fiduciaries are safe from plaintiffs seeking damages.

“If this goes if favor of the defendants it will eliminate or substantially reduce the ongoing duty to monitor,” Reish notes. “In this sense, again, the question before the Supreme Court is not really a statute of limitations question, as some have interpreted. The real question is whether there is an independent duty to monitor that has its own six-year statute of limitations, such that every year the failure to monitor starts a new limitation period, and the sponsor can then be sued on at any point in the next six years once a failure to monitor has occurred.”

Reish urges both the plan sponsor and adviser communities to “watch this very carefully, because it could diminish the perceived value of advisers if the Supreme Court says there is no legal separation between the ‘ongoing duty to monitor’ and the original decision to select.”

Additional coverage of Tibble v. Edison, including more background and interpretation from industry experts, is here.