Regulators Propose ABS Credit Risk Retention Rule

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) said the proposal would not permit sponsors to transfer or hedge that 5% credit risk. In crafting the proposed rule, six agencies sought to ensure that the amount of credit risk retained is meaningful, while reducing the potential for the rule to negatively affect the availability and cost of credit to consumers and businesses.

The rule is proposed by the Federal Reserve Board, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the SEC, the Federal Housing Finance Agency, and the Department of Housing and Urban Development. It would provide sponsors with various options for meeting the risk-retention requirements of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. Among other things, the options include:

• Retention of risk by holding at least 5% of each class of ABS issued in a securitization transaction (also known as vertical retention).
• Retention of a first-loss residual interest in an amount equal to at least 5% of the par value of all ABS interests issued in a securitization transaction (horizontal retention).
• An equally-divided combination of vertical and horizontal retention.
• Retention of a representative sample of the assets designated for securitization in an amount equal to at least 5% of the unpaid principal balance of all the designated assets.
• For commercial mortgage-backed securities, retention of at least a 5% first-loss residual interest by a third party that specifically negotiates for the interest, if certain requirements are met.

As required by the Act, the proposal includes descriptions of loans that would not be subject to these requirements, including asset-backed securities that are collateralized exclusively by residential mortgages that qualify as “qualified residential mortgages” (QRMs).

The proposal would establish a definition for QRMs — incorporating such criteria as borrower credit history, payment terms, and loan-to-value ratio — designed to ensure they are of very high credit quality. The proposed rule also includes investor disclosure requirements regarding material information concerning the sponsor’s retained interests in a securitization transaction. The disclosures would provide investors and the agencies with an efficient mechanism to monitor compliance with the risk-retention requirements of the proposed rules.

The proposed rule also has a zero percent risk-retention requirement for ABS collateralized exclusively by commercial loans, commercial mortgages, or automobile loans that meet certain underwriting standards. As with QRMs, these underwriting standards are designed to be robust and to ensure that the loans backing the ABS are of very low credit risk.

The proposed rule would also recognize that the 100% guarantee of principal and interest provided by Fannie Mae (the Federal National Mortgage Association) and Freddie Mac (the Federal Home Mortgage Loan Corporation) meets their risk-retention requirements as sponsors of mortgage-backed securities for as long as they are in conservatorship or receivership with capital support from the U.S. government.

The agencies are requesting public comments on the proposed rule by June 10, 2011, which can be made here. The rule is at http://www.sec.gov/rules/proposed/2011/34-64148.pdf.