Talking Points
A New High
Estimated net flows into open-end and exchange-traded sustainable funds totaled $20.6 billion last year—four times the previous annual record set in 2018.
Source: Morningstar Direct
A Global Perspective
What institutional investors here and abroad say about applying environmental, social and governance factors to their equity and fixed-income strategies.
Poverty Status, by Retirement Income Source
Defined benefit (DB) pensions have a much greater poverty-reducing effect than do defined contribution (DC) plans. This may be partly because recipients of DC income tend to already have a much higher net worth than do recipients of DB income.
![](https://si-interactive.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/planadviser-com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/16103728/PAMA20_Trends_Chart-wide.png)
Social Security
Defined benefit
Defined contribution
48%
73%
78%
92%
not poor*
not poor
not poor
not poor
Social Security only
Social Security and DB
Social Security and DC
Social Security, DB and DC
![](https://si-interactive.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/planadviser-com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/16103724/PAMA20_Trends_Chart-medium.png)
Defined benefit
Social Security
Defined contribution
48%
73%
78%
92%
not poor*
not poor
not poor
not poor
Social Security only
Social Security and DB
Social Security and DC
Social Security, DB and DC
![](https://si-interactive.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/planadviser-com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/16103726/PAMA20_Trends_Chart-small.png)
Social Security
Defined benefit
Defined contribution
48%
73%
not poor*
not poor
Social Security only
Social Security and DB
78%
92%
not poor
not poor
Social Security and DC
Social Security, DB and DC
![](https://si-interactive.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/planadviser-com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/16103731/PAMA20_Trends_Chart-xsmobile.png)
Social Security
Defined benefit
Defined contribution
48%
73%
not poor*
not poor
Social Security only
Social Security and DB
78%
92%
not poor
not poor
Social Security and DC
Social Security, DB and DC
*Households with total income below the federal poverty level are classified as "poor." Households with total income exceeding 200% of the federal poverty level are classified as "not poor."
Source: National Institute on Retirement Security
Role of Race
Race has a very strong role to play in determining retirement outcome. Whites have consistently higher retirement income than do blacks or Hispanics.