Education Key to Helping Different Cultural Groups Manage Retirement Expectations

There are differences in retirement planning among different cultural groups, the latest MassMutual State of the American Family (SOAF) Study finds.

Approximately half of the participants surveyed had calculated how much savings they need to retire, with about one-third actually creating a formal plan. However, there were outliers. While 61% of Asian Indian Americans calculated how much savings they need to retire, the most of any group surveyed, just 35% of Indian American families have an actual retirement plan in place. Korean American respondents were the least likely to both calculate how much they need to retire (39%) as well as to create a clear plan for retirement saving (20%), the survey showed.

Nearly half (45%) of all respondents—with the exception of Korean Americans—plan to retire by age 65 or sooner, with 22% intending to retire at age 60 or before. The most common response for an intended retirement age was, “I don’t know,” with 26% saying they are unsure.

Again, a few groups had different expectations. Twenty-five percent of African Americans and 26% of Chinese American respondents plan to retire at age 60 or younger—more than any other groups—and only 10% of Korean Americans said the same, the least of any group. Korean Americans were more than twice as likely as any group to plan to retire later than age 70 or to say they don’t ever expect to fully retire.

One in five survey respondents overall indicated they were “extremely confident” in their projected retirement age, with African Americans (30%) and Hispanic Americans (24%) expressing the most confidence. Asian Indian Americans (12%), Chinese Americans (13%) and Korean Americans (14%) were the least confident.

How to help different cultural groups with retirement planning

“It’s important to note that multicultural communities aren’t monolithic when it comes to retirement,” Wonhong Lee, head of MassMutual’s Multicultural Markets, in Springfield, Massachusetts, tells PLANSPONSOR. “Plan sponsors should be cognizant that the various multicultural communities look at retirement differently and have varying degrees of readiness and timetables for retirement.”

For example, he says, Korean Americans were less likely to have created an actual retirement plan, and that indicates a clear need for more education at the workplace, especially if the workforce is largely diverse.

“Many people anticipate retiring before 65 or sooner, especially African Americans and Chinese Americans. It is especially important to ensure that these communities look before they leap into retirement by performing a gap analysis that compares projected retirement expenses and income,” Lee says. He suggests that an educational seminar for pre-retirees that includes topics such as defined contribution (DC) plan catch-up contributions or projected expenses for medical and long-term care might be useful so employees understand their likely liabilities as they age.

Meanwhile, some people say they never anticipate retiring, and that may be unrealistic. Again, Lee suggests education about how likely it is to continue working into advanced ages may help.

Retirement income and longevity

Overall, 54% of survey respondents indicated they expect to receive income in retirement from a pension. That compares to 63% of African Americans, 63% of Asian Indian Americans, and 59% of Hispanic Americans on the high side and 10% of Chinese American respondents on the low end.

The biggest source of retirement income overall is tax-favored retirement savings vehicles such as 401(k) and 403(b) plans and individual retirement accounts (IRAs) (33%), the survey found. Hispanic American respondents (28%) were least likely to depend upon such sources of income. Social Security (22%) was the next largest source of anticipated retirement income overall, with the differences between most cultural groups being a percentage point or two. Asian Indian American (18%) respondents had the lowest expectations for Social Security as an income source.

Nearly two-thirds (65%) of respondents say they expect to live two decades or more in retirement and 42% say they expect to live 20 to 29 years after retiring.

African American and Chinese American respondents were most likely to plan to retire at earlier ages and also had the highest expectations for living longer in retirement.  According to the survey, 75% of African American and 68% of Chinese American respondents indicated they expected to live 20 years or more once retired. Thirty-six percent of African Americans expect to live 30 years or more in retirement, the longest of any group by far.

“Expectations for longer retirements are very realistic and in line with trends tracked by government organizations,” Lee says. “The important factor for retirement planning is to start early and sit down with a financial professional or utilize resources such as a retirement calculator to take steps to help ensure that your retirement income will last as long as you do, no matter what financial markets or unexpected life events may bring.”

Encouraging retirement planning among employees

Education is key to encouraging more retirement planning behaviors among employees overall, according to Lee. Working with the plan’s financial adviser and a retirement plan recordkeeper can help provide access to educational programs on retirement planning and financial planning.

“Plan sponsors can be supportive of retirement plan participants—and those who have not enrolled in the plan—by sponsoring educational seminars on the need for retirement planning, investing, the power of compound earnings and starting to save early, and conducting a gap analysis to ensure they’re on track,” Lee says. “Plan sponsors also should continuously promote their retirement plan, educating employees on contribution limits, saving pre- or post-tax, the catch-up provision, taking advantage of available matching contributions, and other features.”