Going Broke in Retirement Is Top Fear for Americans

A pervasive fear of running out of money in retirement is not causing Americans to spend less today, according to Bank of America Merrill Lynch.

Going broke in retirement trumps other stress-inducing situations such as public speaking, gaining weight and going to the dentist for mass affluent Americans, according to the latest Merrill Edge Report. Despite the prospect of not having enough income to live on comfortably later in life, many are unwilling to cut spending on indulgences now in order to invest for retirement, the report finds.

In fact, while more than half (55%) of respondents surveyed say they’re frightened of not having enough money to spend throughout retirement, many won’t consider cutting back on indulgences such as entertainment (33%), eating out (30%) and vacations (28%). Even if they were to receive a hypothetical $1 million windfall, only about one in five say they would make it a priority to set aside the money specifically for their retirement years.

Never miss a story — sign up for PLANADVISER newsletters to keep up on the latest retirement plan adviser news.

“Many mass affluent investors are taking more of a ‘live for today’ financial approach than you might expect, given their fear of running out of money in retirement,” says Aron Levine, head of preferred banking and investments at Bank of America. “That type of disconnect might have a significant impact on the long-term financial well-being of these investors.”

The bi-annual survey also shows that, even though many are likely to forego saving for retirement in order to maintain their customary spending habits, the majority of parents surveyed say they would cut spending on themselves in order to help their children. Thirty-five percent have even withdrawn from their own savings or investment accounts to cover a child’s expenses, leading to diminished long-term retirement assets (see “When Adult Children Ask for a Loan”).

When asked about long-term financial management topics including their attitudes about making trade-offs, how they prioritize savings and the role finances play in relationships, mass affluent respondents revealed the following:

  • Respondents say having enough money to live “in the here and now” is a more popular priority (63%) than saving more for the future (48%);
  • More than a third of women report unexpected costs have gotten in the way of their retirement savings, compared to 28% for men; and
  • About one in two mass affluent investors say financial stability is an attractive quality when considering a spouse, while others are more likely to be drawn to an appealing sense of humor, money saved or a stable job.

More women than men (59% vs. 51%) are frightened about the possibility of not having enough money when they retire, according to the report. The fear of an uncertain retirement is also most common among 61% of both Generation X and Baby Boomer investors, whereas only 41% of Millennials feel this way.

Laying a solid financial foundation for the future starts with motivation and self-discipline, Levine adds.

“It’s great that the availability of 401(k) plans serves as the main catalyst to get people saving,” he says. “Some employers match contributions up to a certain percentage, therefore it’s even more important to contribute at least as much as their employer matches.”

The survey also indicates that the status of a romantic relationship can fuel financial concerns. For example, almost seven in 10 (68%) divorced survey participants say they are worried about not having enough money during retirement, compared with 53% of respondents who are single, married or widowed.

According to 43% of respondents, choosing among different investment products such as stocks, bonds and exchange-traded funds is the most complicated part of investing. Others say the most difficult part of investing is handling changes in the stock market (33%) or understanding how 401(k)s and individual retirement accounts work (9%).

In terms of daily financial management, a strong majority (89%) of mass affluent investors set a household budget, but almost two-thirds (66%) of these people say they are unable to consistently stay within their budget parameters. The survey shows that the two most common factors that compete with respondents’ regular retirement savings are paying off debts (31%) and handling unexpected costs (33%).

The report also reveals that priorities vary widely between men and women, especially when it comes to the effects of finances on relationships. Although financial stability is not considered the top quality for mass affluent Americans when choosing a spouse, it carries some influence among women. In fact, women are more than twice as likely as men to be attracted to someone with a stable job (51% vs. 24%) and almost twice as likely to be attracted to someone who has financial stability (64% vs. 33%).

There is also a generational difference when it comes to the importance of finances in selecting a spouse. For example, Millennials are more than twice as likely as respondents in other age groups to be attracted to someone who has some money saved (37%). And, Gen Xers are more likely than respondents from other age groups to be drawn to people who have financial stability (59%).

For more in-depth information about the financial behaviors and priorities of the mass affluent investor, read the entire Merrill Edge Report here.

Passive Investment Momentum Continues

The strong growth of passive investment products shows little sign of slowing over the short term and could signal an important secular trend, according to new research from Cerulli Associates.

Passive mutual fund assets have grown considerably in the last five years, jumping from $542.1 billion in early 2009 to $1.7 trillion as of year-end 2014, according to Cerulli’s recent report, “The Cerulli Edge: U.S. Monthly Product Trends Edition.” Despite a slow start in January, the growth of index strategies has continued this year as passively managed mutual fund flows combined with exchange-traded fund (ETF) flows to reach $56.7 million year-to-date. By contrast, actively managed funds received $82.8 million so far this year.

Cerulli researchers point to a number of explanations for the increased popularity of passive mutual funds and ETFs. Put simply, even more than investors’ emphasis on mitigating risk, which can push them towards active strategies, the industry-wide focus on lowering investment costs is driving higher allocations to passive management.

Want the latest retirement plan adviser news and insights? Sign up for PLANADVISER newsletters.

Inflows for active strategies still outpace inflows for passive products, but Cerulli says active managers should be increasingly wary as passive investments show signs of picking up additional momentum and eating away at the actively managed asset base. And unlike earlier cyclical fluctuations between active and passive investment style leadership, the ongoing upswing in passive investment usage could be more permanent as investors become increasingly fee conscious.

To compensate for growing inflows to passive investment strategies, active managers are developing new products that do not compete directly with passive strategies, Cerulli says. Numerous providers have released multi-strategy and outcome-oriented products for both retail and institutional investors, for example, to bring additional value to offerings beyond risk mitigation. It will be important for providers to explain these new products effectively, Cerulli says, and to make the case that funds with lower fees aren’t necessarily better investment options.

Among mutual funds, the split between active and passive flows varies markedly by asset class. Active traditional and core U.S. strategies are most vulnerable to the growth of index-based strategies, Cerulli says. For example, more than $60 billion of U.S. equity flows in 2013 were directed into passive strategies, compared with only $3.4 billion steered into active funds.

Moreover, actively managed taxable bond mutual funds saw outflows flows of $9.8 billion during the period, whereas passively managed taxable bond funds drew in net flows of $31.8 billion for 2013, according to Cerulli.

The report notes a number of other key trends in investment product usage, including the following:

  • According to a recent Cerulli survey, asset managers are essentially unanimous in their belief that international and global equity and fixed-income passive strategies (including enhanced index and smart beta products) are likely to take market share away from active investment strategies in the institutional channels over the next 24 months (see “A New Look at Old Beta”).
  • Mutual funds saw net inflows of $27.8 billion in April. For a second consecutive month, taxable bond mutual funds topped all other asset classes, with monthly net inflows of $8 billion in April, despite bank-loan funds being in net redemption territory during April.

April net inflows into ETFs of $18.5 billion helped lift the vehicle's year-to-date flow total to $30.3 billion, Cerulli says. International equity ETFs topped the flow league table in April with $8.5 billion. U.S. equity and taxable bond ETFs followed with net flows of $3.8 billion and $3.6 billion, respectively.

More information on how to obtain the latest Cerulli Research is available here.

«