Analysis Offers Perspective for Long-Term 401(k) Investing

EBRI's longer-term 401(k) account balance statistics offer hope for participants to help them withstand market volatility.

Each month, the Employee Benefit Research Institute (EBRI) provides a report of the monthly change in average account balances among consistent participants.

Last year, good market returns led to monthly account balance improvements, and this year has started off just as well. In January, EBRI data shows account balance improvements ranging from 2.9% for those ages 55 to 64 with 20 to 29 years of job tenure to 5.3% for participants ages 25 to 34 with one to four years of job tenure.

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Of course, high stock market drops in February changed the dynamic for 401(k) plan balances. EBRI shows that average account balances fell, ranging from a 1.8% drop for participants ages 25 to 34 with one to four years of tenure up to a 2.8% drop for participants ages 45 to 54 with 20 to 29 years of tenure.

However, the March data reflect rebounds the markets have made. Account balance declines ranged from 0.4% for participants ages 25 4o 34 with one to four years of tenure to a 1.4% drop for participants ages 45 to 54 with 20 to 29 years of tenure.

The most telling statistics, however, are the cumulative average account balance changes for consistent 401(k) participants among the full universe of the EBRI/Investment Company Institute (ICI) database. The recent drops are minor in comparison.

According to EBRI, from January 1, 2016, to March 31, 2018, the average account balance change among these consistent savers ranged from 32% for those ages 55 to 64 with 20 to 29 years of job tenure to 126% for participants ages 25 to 34 with one to four years of tenure. The difference can probably be attributed to the allocation of equities and bonds for participants in these age groups.

Further, EBRI reports that the average account balance change among consistent savers from January 1, 2015, January 1, 2017, ranged from 15% for those ages 55 to 64 with 20 to 29 years of job tenure to 91.8% for participants ages 25 to 34 with one to four years of tenure.

The data supports the importance of offering perspective to plan participants in times of market volatility.

The EBRI valuations can be found here.

Individual Account Retirement Plans the Dominant Source of Retirement Income

EBRI also found not only do individual account assets make up a large portion of families’ financial assets, but those with individual account assets also have substantially higher levels of net worth than those families without them.

Individual account (IA) retirement plans are the dominant source of financial assets for retirement income among current and future retirees—and they continue to grow, according to the Employee Benefit Research Institute (EBRI).

Individual Account (IA) plans include employment-based retirement savings plans financed by both employer and employee contributions (most notably, defined contribution (DC) plans), as well as Keogh plans for the self-employed, and individual retirement accounts (IRAs) for savings outside of the workplace. EBRI’s analysis of Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) data finds that in 2016, IA assets constituted 67.9% of financial assets at the median among families owning IA assets.

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The percentage of IA plan assets in DC plans from a current employer amounted to 40.9% in 2016. The percentage in a previous employer DC plan was 8.7%, while IRAs/Keogh plans held 50.4% of the IA plan assets.

In 2016, 66.5% of all families that had an active participant in an employment-based retirement plan from a current employer had a DC plan only, while 16.2% of these families had both a defined benefit (DB) and DC plan and 17.2% had a DB plan only. The percentage of family heads who were eligible for DC plans and chose to participate increased from 78.7% in 2013 to 79.4% in 2016.

EBRI also found not only do IA assets make up a large portion of families’ financial assets, but those with IA assets also have substantially higher levels of net worth than those families without IA assets. The median net worth for families that owned IA assets was $249,950 in 2016 compared with $19,200 for families without IA assets. “Consequently, any policy that alters this system could have consequences–either positive or negative–for Americans’ ability to fund a comfortable retirement,” says Craig Copeland, with EBRI.

The EBRI report, “Individual Account Retirement Plans: An Analysis of the 2016 Survey of Consumer Finances” is published as the March 13, 2018, EBRI Issue Brief, and is available online here. A Fast Facts version is here.

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